Other Cities: Isfahan, Tabriz, Mashhad, Shiraz.
Government:
Type: Islamic republic.
Independence: 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)
Constitution: Ratified December 1979, revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency
and eliminate the prime ministership.
Geography:
Location: Middle East bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian
Sea.
Area: 1.6 million km² (636,294 sq. mi.)
Terrain: Desert and mountains.
Climate: Semiarid; subtropical along the Caspian coast.
People:
Nationality: Iranian(s).
Population: 83 million (in 2020).
GNI per capita PPP: $ 8 065 (year)
Ethnic groups: Persians 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurds 7%, Arabs
3%, Lurs 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%.
Religions: Shi'a Muslim 89%; Sunni Muslim 9%; Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian,
and Baha'i 2%.
Languages: Persian
and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%,
Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other.
Literacy: 80%
Natural resources: Petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron
ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur.
Agriculture products: Wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts,
cotton, dairy products, wool, caviar.
Industries: Petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other construction
materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production),
metal fabrication, armaments.
Exports - commodities: petroleum 60%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets, cement, ore
Exports - partners: China 48%,
India 12%,
South Korea 8%,
Turkey 6%,
United Arab Emirates 5% (2019)
Imports - commodities: industrial supplies, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services
Imports - partners: China 28%, United Arab Emirates 20%, India 11%, Turkey 7%,
Brazil 6%,
Germany 5% (2019)
Currency: Iranian Rial (IRR)
Iran in Figures
Iran key statistical data.